随着各种新材料的大量开发和应用，潜在的火灾危险因素也越来越多，火灾的危害性也随着越来越大。本文，荣仪达为大家科普俄罗斯GOST认证涉及的标准。
GOST 12.1.044-89:俄罗斯GOST防火测试标准
GOST 12.1.044-89 USSR/Russia State Standard
GOST 12.1.044-89 Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials.Range of indices and methods of their determination.(C*** Standard 4831-84，C*** Standard 6219-88，International Standard ISO4589，C*** Standard 6527-88)
GOST 12.1.044-89材料的火灾和爆炸危险性-指标范围和测试方法
GOST 12.1.044-89俄罗斯GOST系列防火测试标准-前言
轨道交通领域对材料的阻燃要求更加严格，各国的要求也有所不同。当前*具代表性的标准有欧盟EN 45545-2，德标DIN5510，英标BS6853，法标NF F16-101，铁标TB/T3237，美标NFPA130，意大利UNI CEI 11170-3，俄罗斯GOST 12.1.044-89等等。
GOST 12.1.044-89俄罗斯GOST系列防火测试标准-标准概述
GOST 12.1.044-89本标准适用于基础材料，聚合混合物，包括聚合物和复合材料等。但该标准不适用于易爆和放射性的物质。
GOST 12.1.044-89标准规定了材料的火灾和爆炸危险性的指标范围和测试方法。
GOST 12.1.044-89-橡胶材料（举例）
测试方法
2.1 可燃烧测试GOST 30244-94
2.14 烟密度测试GOST 12.1.044-89
2.15 火焰蔓延测试GOST 51032-9
2.16 毒性测试GOST 12.1.044-89
测试结果指标
C：1，2，3，4
F：1，2，3，4
S：1，2，3，4
T：1，2，3，4
GOST 12.1.044-89俄罗斯GOST系列防火标准-测试参考
2.1 Combustibility
2.2 Flash point
2.3 Ignition point
2.4 Self-ignition point
2.5 Concentration limits of flame spreading
2.6 Temperature limits of flame spreading
2.7 Smoldering point
2.8 Conditions of thermal Self-ignition
2.9 Minimum ignition energy
2.10 Oxygen index
2.11 Ability to explode and burn upon interaction with water，air oxygen and etc
2.12 Normal speed of flame spreading
2.13 Burn-up speed
2.14 Fume evolution coefficient
2.15 Index of flame spreading
2.16 Toxicity indicator of combustion products of polymeric materials
2.17 Minimum retarding concentration of a retarder
2.17 Minimum explosive
2.18 Minimum explosive content of oxygen
2.19 Maximum explosion pressure
2.20 Rate of explosion pressure rise
GOST俄罗斯其他阻燃防火测试标准参考
GOST 30402-96 Rate inflammability of construction materials
GOST 30402-96建筑材料的燃烧速率测试
GOSTР51032-97 Test Method for floor and roof coverings against flame spread
GOSTР51032-97铺地和屋顶材料的火焰蔓延测试
GOST 30244-94 Combustibility test of construction materials
GOST 30244-94建筑材料可燃性测试
GOST 12.1.044-89 Determine toxicity indices of polymeric materials’combustion products
GOST 12.1.044-89聚合物材料燃烧产物的毒性指数测试
GOST 27484-87/GOST 28779-90 Test Method for electric insulating materials and electrical equipment with a needle-shaped flame torch and a Bunsen burner
GOST 27484-87/GOST 28779-90电绝缘材料和电气设备测试
GOSTРМЭК60332-3-10-2005 Test cables of bunch group laying against flame non-spread
GOSTРМЭК60332-3-10-2005电线电缆成束燃烧测试
GOSTРМЭК332-1-96 Test a single rise cable against flame non-spread
GOSTРМЭК332-1-96电线电缆单根燃烧测试
GOST 30244-94 Test construction materials against incombustibility
GOST 30244-94建筑材料不燃性测试
GOST 12.1.044-89 Determine a smoke generation index of solid substances and materials
GOST 12.1.044-89材料的烟雾密度测试方法
GOST of RussiaTest a building structure against fire resistance
俄罗斯GOST标准建材耐燃性测试